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Marmarica in ancient geography referred to the part of the North African coast between ''Cyrenaica'' and ''Aegyptus''. It corresponds to what is now the border region between Libya and Egypt, including the towns of Bomba (ancient ''Phthia''), Timimi (ancient ''Paliurus''), Tobruk (ancient ''Antipyrgus''), Acroma (ancient ''Gonia''), Bardiya, As-Salum, Sidi Barrani (ancient ''Zygra''). It extended southward to a considerable distance, to the inclusion of Siwa Oasis, at the time known for its sanctuary to Ammon. The eastern part of Marmarica, by some geographers considered a separate district between Marmarica and Aegyptus, was known as ''Libycus Nomus''. In Late Antiquity, Marmarica was also known as ''Libya Inferior'', while Cyrenaica was known as ''Libya Superior''. ''Libya'' was considered as the part of Africa west of the Nile, more precisely west of the mouth of the Nile at Canopus. The periplus of Scylax of Caryanda names the Adyrmachidae as the first people of Libya (Africa). Marmarica proper was delimited towards the east by the escarpment of ''Catabathmus Magnus'', now known as ''Akabah el-Kebir'', at Salum. The geographers of the Hellenistic period included Egypt in the continent of Asia, and drew the boundary between Asia and Africa (Libya) at this point. Under the Roman Empire, the definition of Marmarica was extended to include the ''Libycus Nomus'', between the Catabathmus and the Bay of Plinthine (''Sinus Plinthinetes'') which had formerly been considered part of Egypt. The city of ''Paraetonium'' (also ''Ammonia'', modern Mersa Matruh) was the westernmost town of Egypt, for which reason it together with Pelusium was known as the "horns of Egypt". About 10 stadia west of Paraetonium was ''Apis'', marking the border to the Libyan Nomos. ''Menelaus Portus'' (near modern Zawiyat Umm Rukbah), according to tradition founded by Menelaus, was known as the site of the death of Agesilaus II. The inhabitants of Marmarica were known generically as ''Marmaridae'', but they are given the special names of ''Adyrmachidae'' and ''Giligammae'' in the coastal districts, and of ''Nasamones'' and ''Augilae'' in the interior. The Adyrmachidae are said to have differed considerably from the nomadic tribes of the country, strongly resembling the Egyptians. The territory south of the Libyan Nomos was inhabited by the ''Ammonii'', centered on the celebrated and fertile oasis of Ammon (Siwa) Both Cyrenaica and Marmarica were included in the diocese of Egypt in the 4th century, within the larger Praetorian prefecture of the East (while Tripolitania was in the Praetorian prefecture of Italy). == Episcopal sees == Ancient episcopal sees of the Roman province of Marmarica or Libya Inferior listed in the ''Annuario Pontificio'' as titular sees:〔''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013〕 For the sees of Libya Superior see Cyrenaica. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marmarica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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